Intradermal and subcutaneous injections

Tissue integrity is essential for reliable delivery

Intradermal or subcutaneous delivery performance depends heavily on the physical interaction of an injection bolus with the surrounding tissue. During injection, physiological tension is an important factor in both the resulting bolus shape/distribution and tissue integration. Maintaining proper alignment of dermal fibres contributes significantly to the ability of the tissue to resist rupture and a subsequent loss in viability, therefore enabling recapitulation of in vivo-like biological responses.